中文原文 · 中文 + English · History index / 历史目录
1865¶
1865¶
摘要：¶
Summary:¶
电磁学方程式， 资本论， 普法战争， Peacemaker， 内燃机 ， 排华法案， 泰斯勒 狂犬病， 凡高， 柯达相机， 柴油机， 诺贝尔1895， 马关条约， 工业国力， 上帝死了尼采疯了， 伤膝河屠杀， 戊戌变法， 潜意识性意识， 义和团八国联军， 摩托车， 罗素悖论和理发师， 春秋笔法和数学， 飞机， {{{1
1865年， 英国物理学家麦克斯韦总结电磁学方程式， Maxwell's Equations， 为人们应用电磁波整理好了理论基础， 为一个世纪后的无线通讯写出了公式。没有他， 没有手机。 在电磁波被测试之前， 几乎没有人知道空气中传递着电磁波动。 无线通讯的技术在古人看来就像是魔术， 对现代人而言只是手机上的一个功能而已。那么请问现代人， 我们还会有多少次机会去发现从来没有被发现的事实？ 科学还没有测试到的却已经被本能感受到的内容会有没有机会被后人测试到？ 后人有没有机会测量出被谎言埋藏的真相？ 听起来像是巫术吗？
In 1865, the British physicist Maxwell summarized the electromagnetic equations, Maxwell's Equations, laying the theoretical foundation for the application of electromagnetic waves, and formulated the formulas for wireless communication a century later. Without him, there would be no mobile phones. Before electromagnetic waves were tested, hardly anyone knew that electromagnetic vibrations were being transmitted through the air. To ancient people, the technology of wireless communication seemed like magic, but to modern people, it's just a function on their smartphones. So, may I ask, modern people, how many more opportunities will we have to discover facts that have never been discovered? Are there chances for later generations to test what has not yet been tested by science? Could later generations measure the truth hidden beneath lies? Does it sound like witchcraft?
肉眼可见的光线也是一种电磁波， 从蓝光到红光的波长范围是 380 nm - 700 nm. 因为蓝光波长 相比 红光更短，在大气层散射更多， 所以天空是蓝色的。
Visible light is also an electromagnetic wave, with the wavelength range from blue light to red light being 380 nm - 700 nm. Because the wavelength of blue light is shorter than that of red light and gets scattered more in the atmosphere, the sky appears blue.
1867年马克思出版《资本论》， 为经济学再加一块基石。 有尊严的学者会去一个不同的战场战斗， 他们用生命揭开世界奥秘的面纱。 经济学解释令人迷惑的问题：货币、价格、 利润、税收和政府开支， 就业失业和财富的来源。 然而这门学问远远无法提供相关问题的最终答案。 上帝对世界最简单的设计也会令学者敬畏， 至今如此。
In 1867, Marx published Capital, adding another cornerstone to economics.
Scholars with dignity would fight on a different battlefield,
unveiling the mysteries of the world with their lives.
Economics explains puzzling issues: money, prices, profits, taxes, and government spending,
employment and unemployment, and the sources of wealth.
However, this discipline can hardly provide final answers to related questions.
God's simplest design in the world still commands scholars' reverence, as it does today.
资本论恰好在所有自称信奉马克思的国家禁止自由研究， 人们不知道经济学的开山老祖亚当斯密， 当年也是在伦敦做研究， 他发表国富论的同时， 用更多时间研究道德在自由市场的作用。当年， 这些题目太超前了， 他临死前烧掉了自己的手稿。
Capitalism is恰好在所有自诩信奉马克思的国家禁止自由研究， 人们不知道经济学的开山老祖亚当·斯密，当年也是在伦敦做研究， 他发表《国富论》的同时， 用更多时间研究道德在自由市场的作用。当年， 这些题目太超前了，他临死前烧掉了自己的手稿。
1870年普法战争开始， 普鲁士击败法国， 拿破仑三世投降， 在巴黎法国人革命了， 后来建立了短命的巴黎公社。 围困巴黎之后， 普鲁士国王(威廉一世)率军凯旋入城进入凡尔赛宫， 在此受礼成为凯撒， Kaiser Wilhelm I， 宣告成立德意志帝国。
In 1870, the Franco-Prussian War began, with Prussia defeating France and Napoleon III surrendering. In Paris, the French revolted, later establishing the short-lived Paris Commune. After the siege of Paris, King William I of Prussia led his troops into victory, entering Versailles Palace where he was honored as Kaiser Wilhelm I and declared the establishment of the German Empire.
帝国的开幕式就以浓浓的德法仇恨做了背景。 德国皇帝去法国皇宫成立自己的帝国。 请记住这位皇帝和他的大臣， 威廉一世和俾斯麦， 他们的行为解释了决定后世历史的一个原因： 为什么德国佬和法国佬一定要打仗？
The opening ceremony of the empire was set against a backdrop of thick German-French仇恨. The German emperor went to the French royal palace to establish his own empire. Please remember this emperor and his ministers, Wilhelm I and Bismarck, Their actions explained one reason that decided a factor in world history: Why did the Germans and the French have to fight?
1873年美国人柯尔特的工厂生产一款转轮手枪， 名为和平生产者， Colt Peacemaker， 重量一公斤， 市价17.5美金， 相当于今天 USD 330， 廉价的防身武器让瘦弱的人可以维持自己的：和平。 这把枪成为美国西部移民的最爱之一， 他们说： 上帝造人， 柯尔特创造平等。
In 1873, Colt's factory produced a revolver named Peace Producer in the United States. It weighed one kilogram and was priced at $17.5, equivalent to USD 330 today. This affordable self-defense weapon allowed frail people to maintain peace:
This gun became one of the favorites among American western settlers, who said, "God created man; Colt created equality."
God created man, Sam Colt made them equal.
荒凉的小镇路口， 疲惫的一个人， 孤独的一匹马。 最后的和平来自一把左轮手枪。 它让强壮的土匪冷静下来， 它不区分男人和女人。 因此这把枪名符其实：和平生产者。
In the desolate crossroads town, a tired person, a solitary horse. Peace in the end came from a revolver. It calmed down the strong bandits, and it made no distinction between men and women. Thus, this gun is indeed called the Peace Producer.
当年 在秘鲁有大约十万名中国劳工， 多为来自中国南方沿海地区的 男性，被卖猪仔做奴工， 这些被骗被拐的人们 经历从澳门到 秘鲁 长达四个月的航行后， 在种植园和 磷钾肥/鸟粪矿里 长年劳作， 其辛苦贫乏 远甚于美国南方曾经的黑奴。 日本官员和美国公使都曾发现 这些令人吃惊的奴役状态， 并且通知了清朝官府，但是很少得到这些 痴呆冷漠的 人上人物种的回应。 直到 1873 年秘鲁前往清朝缔结外交关系，即《中秘天津条约》， 李鸿章 介入此事时 亦了解到中国奴工的悲惨状态。 可是后来也几乎没有奴工 利用两国签约的机会 回国， 多数都继续在当地 挣扎生存，成为伟大祖国正史 之外的故事。
就在不到十年前， 李鸿章 著名的同事 曾国藩 一家人 在南京大屠杀中血祭了数十万人， 为太平天国起义画了个句号。（虽然此时标点符号还没有被多数文人们习得） 然而在中国史中，此事很少被认真讲述。通常它即不被称为血祭， 也没有被当做 曾国藩 名垂青史的 依据。相反，他们力挽狂澜， 忠孝两全，救国救民，挤身在 立德立功立言立牌坊的圣人之间。
Just over a decade ago, Zeng Guofan, the famous colleague of Li Hongzhang, and his family sacrificed tens of thousands of people in the Nanjing Massacre, marking the end of the Taiping Rebellion. (Although punctuation marks such as these were not widely used by most scholars at that time.) However, this event is rarely taken seriously in Chinese history. It is usually not referred to as a mass sacrifice, and it does not serve as the basis for Zeng Guofan's legacy. Instead, they are remembered for their efforts to save the country and its people, emerging among the sages who established virtue, achievement, fame, and memorial archways.
1876年， 德国人奥托OTTO， 发明了内燃机， 让燃料在气缸内燃烧。 同年， 美国人贝尔申请获得电话机的专利。 爱迪生也在这一年将电报技术的一项专利卖给美国西联公司， 然后用这一万美金在新泽西建立了（可能是第一个）工业研究所。 从1877年起他的一系列发明和工业化让现代的人们得到电灯、留声机、发电机等等。 他有许多发明并不一定是完全原创， 毕竟这些工作不可能是一个人能够完成的， 但是他没有专利的发明：工业研究所， 却可能是完全原创的。
In 1876, the German Otto OTTO invented the internal combustion engine, which burned fuel within the cylinder. That same year, the American Bell applied for a patent on the telephone. Edison also sold an electric telegraph technology patent to Western Union in the United States that year and used the $10,000 to establish (possibly the first) industrial research institute in New Jersey. From 1877 onwards, his series of inventions and industrialization led to modern people enjoying light bulbs, phonographs, generators, and so on. Many of his inventions might not have been completely original, after all, these works cannot be accomplished by one person alone, but his invention without a patent—the industrial research institute—might indeed have been entirely original.
Edison, West Union, Middlesex County, New Jersey
1880年有超过45万移民登陆美国， 只有不到300人死于海上。 因为蒸汽邮轮渐渐主宰了跨越大西洋连接欧美的航线。 相比之前的帆船， 邮轮更准时。 曾经的帆船上移民们拥挤在潮湿的船舱里腐烂， 不止一次的有这样恶劣的记录：帆船被恶劣的气候折磨， 或者被泡在无风的海面等死， 船长和水手变得像是一群野狗， 只有这样才能守住自己的船， 当终于靠岸的时候， 人们发现一半乘客已经丢了， 剩下一半像是一团团臭肉麻木的被赶下船来。
In 1880, more than 450,000 immigrants landed in the United States, with fewer than 300 dying at sea. Because steam-powered passenger ships gradually dominated the transatlantic routes connecting America and Europe. Compared to the sailing vessels of old, the steamships were more punctual. On earlier sailships, immigrants crowded in damp compartments, rotting away, There were multiple accounts of such terrible conditions: where the weather tortured the ships, Or they languished on windless seas awaiting death, where the crew and captain became like a pack of wild dogs, just to keep their ship afloat, When finally reaching shore, people found that half the passengers had already perished, And the survivors were pushed off the ship like stinking masses of meat.
终于， 邮轮改善了这条恶臭的欧美航线， 现在， 就是在底舱情况也不能算太恐怖了。
Finally, the cruise ship improved this stinky transatlantic route, now even the lower decks are not that terrifying.
1882年， 美国通过排华法案， Exclusion of Chinese。 当时在美国淘金热和铁路建设中， 华人拉低了总体薪酬。 这一历史性法案将华人地位降到所有人的下面， 带有中国人不是人的法律含意。
In 1882, the United States passed the Chinese Exclusion Act. At that time, during the Gold Rush and railroad construction in America, Chinese workers drove down overall wages. This historic bill relegated Chinese people to a position below everyone else, with legal implications suggesting that Chinese were not fully human.
如果中国人也是逃出非洲的那一批人， 渐渐的， 无路可逃了！
If Chinese people were among those who escaped from Africa, eventually, they ran out of places to go!
然而身为中国人，憎恶美国不如憎恶自己的主子： 慈禧太后和她的大臣们， 还有一代代写不出真相的文人们。
However, as a Chinese person, hating the United States is less hateful than hating one's own masters: Empress Dowager Cixi and her officials, as well as generations of writers who failed to pen the truth.
这一法案的历史意义就是确立了当时华人在世界上的地位， 这个地位太低了。
The historical significance of this bill was to establish the position that Chinese people held in the world at the time, which was too low.
对华人而言， 这应该算是历史中的一个重点。
For Chinese people, this should be considered a key point in history.
它不是唯一的。
It's not the only one.
实际上蒙古人也早做过类似的事情， 在元朝， 汉人就是最下等的存在。 在清朝， 满族人也没有给汉人多高的位置。 排华法案只是国际社会再一次确认汉语人口的地位。 尽管这一法案出现在工业化浪潮中， 令排华法案发生的真实历史原因， 也许远远超过一千年了。中国统治者的兽性， 如同猩猩一般， 长期坚持切割鸡巴诛连九族的暴力行为中， 大群的太监默默的做为国家形像代表藏身在金字塔黑暗的顶部， 早将国人的人性悄悄抺除了。 排华法案就反映了当时华人的世界地位。 以今天的常识来看， 制定这样的歧视性法案是荒谬的， 然而这就是当时的历史事实。 万里长城两千年后， 中国皇族尚未退位， 中国人逃亡的道路已经几乎断绝了。
指责美国人不如去指责满族人， 指责满族人不如去指责华人自己， 排华法案反映了正常世界对金字塔上的爬虫类的厌恶。 这个世界上没有人会喜欢金字塔上的爬虫，除了我， 我喜欢研究金字塔和爬虫们的秘密。
Blame Americans instead on the Manchus, blame Manchus instead on the Chinese themselves. The Exclusion Act reflects the normal world’s hatred for the reptiles at the top of the pyramid. No one in this world likes the reptiles at the top of the pyramid, except me, I like to study the pyramids and the secrets of the reptiles.
不论如何， 排华法案是美国的法律，一百多年后美国总统为此道歉了。
No matter what, the Chinese Exclusion Act was a law in the United States, and over a century later, the president apologized for it.
在之后的半个世纪里， 欧洲南部的移民大量涌入美国， 高峰时每年超过一百万移民到达。 美国的生产量迅速上升。
In the following half century, a large number of immigrants from southern Europe flooded into the United States, with over one million immigrants arriving annually at peak times. The production in the United States rose rapidly.
1884年奥地利人， 泰斯勒， Nikola Tesla， 移民美国， 他先在爱迪生的公司工作了一段时间， 然后开始了自己的研究所。 他是电学奇才， 发明的东西彻底改变了世界， 比如：交流电、无线通讯。 这些发明应用在广泛的基础设施中， 这个世界几乎没有不使用他的发明的人。
In 1884, the Austrian immigrant Nikola Tesla moved to America. He worked for Edison's company for a while and then started his own research institute. He was an electrical genius, inventing things that completely transformed the world, such as alternating current and wireless communication. These inventions were applied in extensive infrastructure, and virtually no one in this world did not use his inventions.
1883年， 德国人 Daimler， 发明了汽油发动机。 1885年， 德国人 Karl Benz， 生产了第一台汽车， 奔驰车。
1885年， 一位法国人救活了一位被疯狗咬伤的小男孩， 他是路易·巴斯德（Louis Pasteur）， 令法国人骄傲的微生物学科的奠基人， 他帮助人类战胜狂犬病、炭疽病， 等等， 他发明巴氏消毒法、医疗消毒法， 等等， 这些等等都 是代表更多伟大的发明。他让人们开始发现无数小动物生活在人类周围。
这一年， 画家凡高打了自己一枪， 他之前还切掉了自己的耳朵， 画了二千多幅卖不出去的画， 几乎一张画也卖不出去， 只能交给他的弟弟。 和多数人一样， 他生前穷得要死。 不同的是， 死后他的作品达到天价。
艺术品的价格不能以绘画材料的成本计算， 也无法以画家的工作时间计算， 它们只能以其它人的认可来报价。 这种计价方式完全不符合马克思的资本论所说的劳动创造价值或者资本剥削剩余价值的公式， 艺术家不必请马克思来定价他们的作品。对艺术家来说， 只要作品得到喜爱， 哪怕作为死掉的艺术家也值得欣慰。
The price of art cannot be calculated based on the cost of painting materials,
nor can it be determined by the painter's working hours.
It can only be quoted based on other people's recognition.
This method of valuation does not conform to Marx’s formula in Capital that labor creates value or capital exploits surplus value.
Artists do not need to consult Marx to price their works. For artists,
as long as their work is loved, even if the artist is dead, it is a consolation.
1888年， 美国人易斯特曼， George Eastman， 做了一台名叫柯达的照相机。 1892年他创建 Eastman Kodak 公司， 他不仅做出了一台出色的机器， 而且把照相技术市场化了。 从此画家需要思考：自己和一台照相机有什么区别？
In 1888, George Eastman, an American, invented a camera named Kodak. In 1892, he founded the Eastman Kodak Company. He not only created an outstanding machine but also commercialized photography technology. From then on, painters had to wonder: What is their difference from a camera?
后来， 人们发现照相机拍不到凡高画出的内容。
Later, people found that cameras could not capture what Van Gogh painted.
在19世纪， 就是公元1800年之后的一百年里， 工业化的传播速度惊人的快。 使用相同的机器， 开设类似的工厂， 提高煤矿和钢铁的生产量， 生产更多的产品。 大约一百年的时间里， 德国的生产力就可以挑战英国。 而其它国家法国、比利时、俄罗斯也都迅速发展。
In the 19th century, which is after a hundred years from 1800 AD, the spread of industrialization was astonishingly fast. Using similar machines, setting up comparable factories, increasing production in coal and steel, producing more goods. In about a century, Germany's productivity could challenge that of Britain. And other countries such as France, Belgium, and Russia also developed rapidly.
美国的产量更是超过了所有欧洲国家， 国力迅速上升。 国力， 就是国家力量， 它的新来源之一是：机器动力。
The United States' output exceeded that of all European countries, and its power rapidly rose. National power is the strength of a nation, one of whose new sources is machine power.
同样面积的工厂相比农田产值高出许多倍。 工厂中使用机器动力， 大规模的生产。 统治者和资本家疯狂的想要获得这种力量， 生产力带来的财富。 而工人进入父辈没有见过的工厂， 被迫和机器生活在一起， 在锅炉旁煤灰中变成黑人。 他们感觉自己变成了机器上的一个零件， 在这样的生活中没有人性的关怀。 人们感觉自己像狗一样被铁链拴在机器上， 为一块面包挣扎。人们开始否认从前的信仰， 他们开始否认全世界。 这也许是无神论的乐园， 无产阶级斗争理论产生了， 中国农民起义二千年的结果无法为他们提供借鉴。 问题在于人性受到了藐视， 工业化的巨大变化中， 人们被机器夺走了人性， 神也要因此死亡。 神是存在于人性中的， 但是人们的思想混乱了。 如果上帝死了， 这个世界会陷入黑暗。 但是没有时间去赈救上帝， 工业的力量在席卷这个世界。
Factories of the same area generate much higher output than farmland. Factories use machine power for large-scale production. Rulers and capitalists are疯狂地渴望获得这种力量——生产力带来的财富。 Workers enter factories their forefathers have never seen, being forced to live with machines, turning into black men around coal in boiler rooms. They feel like they are just parts on a machine, in such lives lacking human concern. People feel like dogs chained to machines, struggling for a piece of bread. They begin to deny former beliefs and start denying the whole world. This might be a paradise for atheism, with theories of class struggle emerging, with no借鉴 from two thousand years of peasant uprisings in China. The problem lies in the contempt for human nature during the巨大的 industrial changes, people are stripped of their humanity by machines, leading to the death of God. God exists within human nature, but people's minds have become混乱. If God is dead, this world will fall into darkness. But there is no time to rescue God, industrial power is sweeping across the world.
尼采说：上帝死了。
Nietzsche said: God is dead.
Friedrich Nietszche, 1844-1900 年。
Friedrich Nietzsche, 1844-1900.
但是更为可信的是在 1889年， 尼采疯了。 当年， 尼采在一个广场看到一个马车夫用鞭子抽打一匹老马。 他抱着马哭了起来， 然后昏倒， 之后， 这位重构超人理论的哲学家陷入了精神的混乱再没有恢复。
But more plausibly, Nietzsche went mad in 1889 when he saw a coachman whipping an old horse on a square. He embraced the animal and burst into tears, then fainted. Afterward, the philosopher who had been reconstructing the theory of the Übermensch fell into mental confusion from which he never recovered.
后人可以考虑一个问题： 如果人类社会中最终出现超人的话， 人类在超人眼中究竟是人还是马？
Later generations might consider this question: If superhuman beings eventually emerge in human society, would humans appear as humans or horses to such beings?
关于上帝是不是死了的问题，如果人们相信尼采的判定的话， 他就像是一位医生有能力判断一个病人是死是活一样可以诊断神的死活， 这种程度的信任是有些过份的。
Regarding the question of whether God is dead, if one believes Nietzsche's judgment, he can diagnose the life or death of God as a doctor would determine whether a patient is alive or not, and such faith may be somewhat excessive.
尼采是哲学家， 西方哲学发展的历程从古希腊起有一串闪亮的名字： 苏格拉底、柏拉图 、亚里士多德， 有古罗马的哲学家， 中世纪神学的哲学家， 文艺复兴后的培根、洛克、笛卡尔、 莱布尼茨、康德 1724-1804, 黑格尔 1770-1831......
Nietzsche was a philosopher. The history of Western philosophy, starting from ancient Greece, has a string of shining names: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle; Roman philosophers; medieval scholastic philosophers; Renaissance thinkers like Bacon, Locke, Descartes, Leibniz, Kant, and Hegel.
在世纪之交， 上帝竟然死了。 如果当时， 1900年左右的哲学家都这样想， 普通人到哪里寻找上帝呢？难道上帝不是明显的存在， 他的存在即然是从黑暗中创造人类， 既然他说过：要有光。 那么当世界将要陷入黑暗时他须要为人类提供最后的一点爱。
At the turn of the century, God had supposedly died. If philosophers around 1900 thought this way, where would ordinary people find God? Could it be that God was not a clear presence, since he created humans from darkness and said: "Let there be light." Then when the world is about to fall into darkness, must he provide humanity with one last bit of love?
工业化地区当时很混乱， 在落后的殖民地， 就更不堪了。 人们仇视一切， 仇视西欧强国， 仇视殖民者， 仇恨洋人， 厌恶工业品还有更讨厌无能并且残暴的本地统治阶级。 工业化的同时， 这个世界陷入敌对中。
Industrialized regions were chaotic at the time, and they were even worse in backward colonies. People hated everyone, despising Western strong powers, colonialists, and foreigners. They hated industrial goods even more than they detested incompetent and brutal local ruling classes. Meanwhile, this world fell into hostility with industrialization.
历史中， 机器提供了一个技术转折点， 走过了折点就不能回头， 整个世界无法回头。
In history, machines provided a technological tipping point, once passed, there was no going back, and the entire world could not turn around.
在农业革命中，物种培育和种植的技术需要沿着合适的气候水土才能传递， 这个周期常常是数百年。 而工业技术的传播则不受农田与牧场的约束， 数十年的时间足以让一个国家将工业化推动到相当大的程度。
During the agricultural revolution, the technologies of species breeding and cultivation had to be transmitted along suitable climatic and soil conditions, a process that often took centuries. In contrast, industrial technology could spread without being constrained by fields and pastures, and it was sufficient for a country to become significantly industrialized within decades.
现在日本仅仅进入明治时代二十年，明治时代是指 1868-1912年， 以明治天皇的名义开始的明治维新已经让日本发生了巨大的变化。 日本不仅努力学习着欧洲的工业技术，而且引入了立宪政治， 哲学、宗教、法律在各方面将日本社会冲激到极限。
Now Japan has only been in the Meiji era for twenty years, with the Meiji era spanning from 1868 to 1912. The Meiji Restoration, initiated under Emperor Meiji, has brought about significant changes in Japan. Not only did Japan strive to learn European industrial technology, but it also introduced constitutional politics. Philosophy, religion, and law were冲击到日本社会的各个方面。
在欧亚大陆上我们很快将看到追赶着工业化进程的国家们也将发动起世界大战的战火。
On the Eurasian continent, we will soon see that countries catching up with industrialization will also ignite the flames of World War.
在欧洲中部，人们不仅显示出在金属和机械方面的天分， 而且出现一串哲学家的名字似乎预示着不同的思想将在欧洲萌芽， 黑格尔、康德、尼采... 如同一串珍宝出现在工业化的过程里， 似乎还不得不加上被东方人视为精神导师的两位：马克思与恩格斯。
In Central Europe, people not only displayed talent in metalwork and mechanics, but also a string of philosophers' names seemed to foretell different ideas that would sprout in Europe, Hegel, Kant, Nietzsche... as if they were a string of jewels appearing during the process of industrialization. It seems necessary to add two figures regarded by Eastern people as spiritual mentors: Marx and Engels.
对于哲学家，我们应该将他们放回历史中的原位。 在更长的人类史中，我们也同样对待宗教组织。
For philosophers, we should place them back in their original position in history. In the longer span of human history, we should treat religious organizations in the same manner.
此时的中国叫做清朝，这是当时最大的金字塔， 塔顶的权力者是慈禧太后。金字塔代表的是社会结构， 和顶点的名字没有关系，和皇帝是不是处于权力顶点也没有关系。 而慈禧相比她之后的所谓中国的大总统、总司令、校长委座或者主席书记之类的来说， 她此时还算是一个优秀的权力执掌者 - 我们当然知道她死后一百年都是臭名昭著的。
At this time, China was called the Qing Dynasty, which was then the largest pyramid in terms of power. The ruler at the top of the pyramid was Empress Dowager Cixi. The pyramid represented social structure, and the name at the apex had nothing to do with whether the emperor held the highest power. Compared to so-called later Chinese presidents, commanders-in-chief, chairmen of universities, or secretaries-general after her, she could still be considered an excellent holder of power—of course, we know that a hundred years after her death, her reputation was infamous.
我们并不鄙视中国传统文化，要知道我们甚至不可能去鄙视澳大利亚的土著社会。 我们鄙视的是懦弱的、说谎的、诡辩的、 毁灭理智无法面对事实的并且因此吃人的所谓文化人。
We do not despise Chinese traditional culture; after all, it is impossible for us to despise the indigenous society of Australia. What we despise are those who are weak, liars, sophists, those who destroy reason and cannot face facts, and thus become creatures that devour people.
就在慈禧太后治下、在秦始皇死掉两千年后，古典逻辑学才有机会被引入中国。
During the reign of Empress Dowager Cixi, over two thousand years after the death of Qin Shi Huang, classical logic had the chance to be introduced to China.
1890年， 在美国南达科他州， 拉科他部落印第安人和美军冲突， 美军无耻的使用了优势火力， 约300名印第安人死亡， 在美国史中被称为伤膝河大屠杀。 不得不说， 这些大屠杀的规模和此时中国的死亡规模无法在数字上相提并论， 尽管我们不应该仅仅用数字比较死亡， 东西方早已经是全然不同的世界。
In 1890, in South Dakota, USA, conflicts arose between the Lakota tribe of Native Americans and U.S. military forces. The military shamelessly utilized their superior firepower; around 300 Native Americans were killed. This event is known in U.S. history as the Wounded Knee Massacre. It's undeniable that the scale of these massacres and China's death toll at this time cannot be compared numerically. Although we should not simply compare deaths through numbers, the East and West have already become entirely different worlds.
Wounded Knee Masscre
Wounded Knee Massacre
1892年， 德国人 Diesel， 发明了柴油机， 用光了所有的钱后， 穷困中跳海。后来柴油发动机以他的名字命名。
In 1892, the German inventor Rudolf Diesel invented the diesel engine. After exhausting all his money, he committed suicide by jumping into the sea. Later, the diesel engine was named after him.
1893年纽西兰妇女获得投票权， 1895年南澳大利亚妇女得到选举权， 这两个当时的英属殖民地在推进妇女平等权力的跑道上领先。
New Zealand women won the right to vote in 1893, and South Australian women gained electoral rights in 1895. These then-British colonies led the way in advancing women's equal rights.
1895年瑞典人诺贝尔设立诺贝尔奖， 细分为化学、文学、和平、物理和医学， 后来又增加了经济学。 在每一个学科， 该奖项都被认为是非常权威的， 除了文学与和平奖。 中国人有一句老话可以解释其中争议的根源： 文无第一， 武无第二。
In 1895, Swedish Nobel established the Nobel Prizes, which were细分 into chemistry, literature, peace, physics, and medicine. Later, economics was added. In each discipline, the award is considered highly authoritative, except for literature and the peace prize. There is an old saying in China that explains the争议 behind this: "文无第一，武无第二."
什么样的和平可以用一笔奖金来保障？
What kind of peace can be guaranteed by a prize?
对中国人来说这一个历史序列也许很有意思： 李自成-清朝建立-牛顿力学-红楼梦- 蒸汽机-美国独立和华盛顿-拿破仑-英国海战名将尼尔森- 林则徐-共产党宣言-太平天国起义-明治天皇-排华法案-诺贝尔
For the Chinese, this historical sequence might be interesting: Li Zicheng - Establishment of the Qing Dynasty - Newtonian Mechanics - Dream of the Red Chamber - Steam Engine - American Independence and Washington - Napoleon - Admiral Nelson of British Naval Warfare - Lin Zexu - The Communist Manifesto - Taiping Rebellion - Emperor Meiji - Chinese Exclusion Act - Nobel
中国人自称发明了火药，那么诺贝尔奖就是一个讽刺了， 诺贝尔的主要工作就是研究火药，真正的火药。
Chinese people claim to have invented gunpowder, so the Nobel Prize is a irony then, As Nobel's main work was researching real gunpowder.
1895年日本在甲武战争中击败大清朝之后要求签订《马关条约》。 西洋人之后东洋人也来了， 和几年后八国联军的辛丑条约相比， 马关条约只要2亿两白银， 每个中国人不到一两银子。 但是丢了朝鲜、台湾、辽东。 李鸿章签约后不久吐血而亡， 考虑到他当时的年龄， 再想想这位老臣把中国人卖了个什么价钱， 不去签约他也很容易吐血而亡。 此时慈禧太后脚下的中国人真是想要跪下去都做不到了， 主子的无能已经无法掩饰。但是， 跪习惯了的人民总是要跪下， 身体语言就这样刻印了历史的真相。
In 1895, Japan defeated the Great Qing in the First Sino-Japanese War and demanded the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki. Afterward, the West was followed by the East, and compared to the Boxer Protocol signed by the Eight-Nation Alliance a few years later, the Treaty of Shimonoseki only required 200 million taels of silver, which amounted to less than one tael per Chinese person. However, it resulted in the loss of Korea, Taiwan, and Liaodong. Li Hongzhang died from hemorrhage shortly after signing the treaty; considering his age at the time, one can only imagine what price this old minister had sold the Chinese people for him not to sign the treaty would also have caused a fatal hemorrhage. At this moment, the Chinese subjects under Empress Dowager Cixi truly could no longer kneel down even if they wanted to; the incompetence of their masters was now impossible to hide. But, people who are accustomed to kneeling always need to kneel, and body language thus engraved the truth of history.
1898年4月美国-西班牙战争， 美国取胜。 得到了大西洋加勒比海的古巴、波多黎各， 太平洋的菲律宾、关岛。 美国证明了自己是可以面对两大洋的国家：大西洋、太平洋。
In the Spanish-American War from April 1898, the United States emerged victorious. It acquired Cuba and Puerto Rico in the Atlantic Caribbean, as well as the Philippines and Guam in the Pacific. The United States demonstrated its capability to be a nation facing both the Atlantic and the Pacific.
很快美国陷入菲律宾-美国战争。之后， 美国开始反思自己的扩张政策， 尽管她当然打赢了战争。 中国和其它社会主义国家的所谓学者请注意这是一个历史转折点。 美国确实是资本家的乐园， 但是她仍然保持有勇气反思自己。 美国的政党比中国共产党优越的一个地方就是他们很少杀掉批评自己的人， 不论是民主党还是共和党， 他们都没有权力去杀人。 美国军人在菲律宾犯下了战争罪行， 但是美国人也揭发了自己同胞的罪行， 这些揭发同胞罪恶的美国汉奸很少被宰掉， 也许更准确的说这些人应该被称为：美奸、 白奸、或者菲奸、黑奸。 不管是什么奸， 他们揭发的是罪恶。 罪恶就是罪恶， 用爱国主义遮掩罪恶的代价其实昂贵到没有理智。 美菲战争是一个转折点， 美国从此开始脱离殖民主义， 美国的外交政策也开始明显的转变。
Soon the United States became embroiled in the Philippine–American War. Afterwards, the US began to reflect on its expansionary policies, even though of course it won the war. Scholars from China and other socialist countries should note that this is a historical turning point. The United States is indeed a paradise for capitalists, but she still has the courage to reflect upon herself. One place where US political parties are superior to the Chinese Communist Party is that they rarely kill those who criticize them, whether Democrats or Republicans; they do not have the power to do so. American soldiers committed war crimes in the Philippines, but Americans also exposed their fellow citizens' crimes. These traitors who exposed their compatriots' sins were seldom killed, perhaps more accurately speaking, these people should be called: American traitors, white traitors, or Philippine traitors, black traitors. No matter what kind of traitor, they exposed evil. Evil is evil; the cost of using patriotism to cover up evil is actually too high to be rational. The Philippine–American War was a turning point, after which the US began to distance itself from colonialism, and its foreign policy also began to undergo significant changes.
1898年6月11日，开 戊戌变法， 这一事件后来在国共史中都被写成了英雄传说。 最初光绪皇帝认同变法、慈禧太后也默许变法， 到9月21日失败共经历 103 日， 当日慈禧太后临朝，宣布戒严，重新训政，结束了变法。 谭嗣同 等六人被捕后处死，被称为戊戌六君子。 康有为、梁启超逃离后来去了日本。 变法期间光绪皇帝分别会见过康、梁两位新法领袖各一次， 并授予六品职务。相比变法庞杂混乱的内容， 两人与皇帝会面次数明显太少，官职也明显太小， 甚至没有直接给朝廷上秦的权力。
On June 11, 1898, the Hundred Days' Reform began. This event later became a heroic legend in both Chinese and Republican histories. Initially, Emperor Guangxu supported the reform, and Empress Dowager Cixi tacitly agreed to it. The reform ultimately failed on September 21 after lasting 103 days. On that day, Empress Dowager Cixi took over and declared martial law, restoring autocratic rule, thus ending the reform. Tan Sitong and five others were arrested and executed, known as the Six Gentlemen of the Hundred Days' Reform. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao fled to Japan after their arrests. During the reform period, Emperor Guangxu met with Kang and Liang, the leaders of new policies, only once each, granting them positions of sixth-rank officials. Compared to the complex and chaotic content of the reforms, their interactions with the emperor were clearly too few, and their official ranks were also significantly low, lacking the authority to directly address the court.
康有为逃到日本后又传出他持有光绪密绍的流言， 这是光绪帝被最后废黜的原因之一。 当时在清朝甲武战败后根据《马关条约》中国需赔偿日本白银 2 亿两， 谭嗣同 曾主张出售新疆给 俄罗斯，售西藏 给英国， 以此类方法筹集变法资费。 这是因为变法派对中国的理解和后来的人们很不相同， 梁启超对后来的新文化多有贡献，章太炎也和梁启超多有关联， 中华民族、黄帝子孙这些新中国的概念实际上是他们参与发明的。 新法中有很多荒唐建议， 比如受英国传教士的影响在最后一天时提议清朝 与 日本、英国、美国 合邦， 共同治理。 这一「中日英美合邦」的提议在一个世纪后仍然是非常超前的。 而面对一个满族政权，康有为还提议《请断发易服改元折》， 这直接就要清除满族政权标志，还要迁移首都放弃满族势力中心， 几乎就是变着法的给新法一派找死。 更传出要谋害慈禧太后的风声， 最后就葬送了戊戌变法的最佳支持者：光绪皇帝。
After Kang Youwei fled to Japan, rumors spread that he held an edict from Emperor Guangxu, this was one of the reasons for Emperor Guangxu's final abdication. At that time, after the Qing Dynasty's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War and according to the Treaty of Shimonoseki, China had to compensate Japan with 200 million taels of silver, Tan Sitong once advocated selling Xinjiang to Russia and Tibet to Britain, using such methods to raise funds for the reform. This was because the reformists' understanding of China and how it was perceived by later generations differed significantly. Liang Qichao made many contributions to the new culture, while Zhang Taiyan had numerous connections with Liang Qichao. Concepts like the Chinese nation and descendants of Yellow Emperor were actually invented by them. Many absurd suggestions were included in the new laws, such as being influenced by British missionaries and proposing on the last day that the Qing Dynasty form a confederation with Japan, Britain, and America to jointly govern, a suggestion for 'China-Japan-Britain-America Confederation' was still very forward-looking a century later. Facing a Manchu regime, Kang Youwei even proposed in The Memorial Requesting Haircut, Change of Clothing, and Changing the Era Name, which directly aimed to remove symbols of the Manchu regime and relocate the capital, abandoning the center of Manchu power, essentially finding ways for the new law faction to die. There were also rumors of plotting to murder Empress Dowager Cixi, ultimately leading to the demise of Emperor Guangxu, who was the best supporter of the Hundred Days' Reform.
变法内容不科学，康、梁的行动也不务实， 变法领导人们在学识和才能方面的严重缺陷正是愚民社会在正常现象。 当时中国在过半个世纪时间里遭遇多次战争和失败， 慈禧太后和朝廷因此相对弱势，这为自由言论和思想提供了环境， 也是推行君主立宪、走向政治革新的机会， 但是很明显的愚民社会做不到。 要实现新法的主张就必须有一个更强的集权统治， 这正是后来的国民黨与共产黨， 一个比一个更为暴力的把中国推回极权社会， 迫害了难以计数的生命。
Reforms were unscientific, and Kang and Liang's actions were not pragmatic. The serious deficiencies in the scholars' and leaders' knowledge and abilities were normal phenomena in a society that kept its people ignorant. China suffered multiple wars and defeats over nearly half a century at that time, causing Empress Dowager Cixi and the court to be relatively weak, which provided an environment for free speech and ideas, and also offered an opportunity to implement constitutional monarchy and move towards political reform. However, it was clear that an ignorant society could not achieve this. To realize the主张of the new laws required a stronger centralized rule, which was exactly what the later Kuomintang and Communist Party did, one more violent than the other, pushing China back into an authoritarian society and persecuting countless lives.
慈禧太后出面训政就是停止了变法，光绪皇帝再不出来见人了。 后人常把此次变法和日本的明治维新做比较， 两国有不同的地理、不同的气候、 不同的人、 不同的社会构造和不同的统治之塔， 得到完全相反的结果有何意外？
Cixi's intervention to govern by edict halted the reforms, and Emperor Guangxu disappeared from public view. Later generations often compare this reform with Japan's Meiji Restoration, but these two countries have different geography, climates, people, social structures, and systems of governance; what is the surprise in ending up with completely opposite results?
日本的统治者仍然能够把国人当做同胞， 仍然能够以人的标准自律， 而中国的统治者已经做不到了。日本的文人仍然可以说实话， 不论是情色还是变态都还算说着实话， 他们甚至保持着自杀的勇气， 而中国文人却已经只能说假话、只敢讲大话了， 它们怕死到了极点，却要做出自己正在捍卫着一个古老文明的姿态， 身为二千年愚民的成果却不自知。
The rulers in Japan could still regard their subjects as compatriots and restrain themselves according to human standards. The Chinese rulers, however, could no longer do so. Japanese literati could still speak the truth, whether it be about sexuality or perversion, and they even retained the courage to commit suicide. In contrast, Chinese literati could only tell lies and dare to speak big words. They are extremely afraid of death but pretend to be defending an ancient civilization. Unaware that they are the results of two thousand years of indoctrination.
1899年11月， 英国进入南非战争， 又称波尔战争， Boer War， 二年后英国取胜。 这是一场惨胜， 因为我们是历史穿越者， 我们当然知道更惨的胜利在不远的前方等待着英国。
In November 1899, Britain entered the Anglo-Boer War, also known as the South African War. Britain won two years later. It was a costly victory, for we are historical time travelers, and of course, we know that an even more devastating victory awaits Britain not too far ahead.
1899年心理学家弗洛伊德（1856-1939）出版《梦的解析》， 解释人类的梦境和潜意识。 一开始这本书销量不好， 一年卖不到100册。 但是毫无疑问， 他让人理解自己， 潜意识、性意识无时无刻不在影响我们。
In 1899, psychologist Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) published The Interpretation of Dreams, explaining human dreams and the unconscious. At first, the book did not sell well, with fewer than 100 copies sold in a year. However, there is no doubt that he helped people understand themselves; the unconscious and sexual instincts constantly influence us without cease.
后来女权人士把这位老兄骂臭了， 因为他好像是说过所有女人都想要鸡巴。
Later, feminist activists thoroughly criticized this man, as he seemed to have said that all women want penises.
1900义和团运动，扶清灭洋， 屠宰各国传教士，当然更多是残害中国同胞。 慈禧太后感觉到义和拳的士气可用， 就对各国强硬“宣战”，屠宰各国使节， 引来八国联军攻入北京的时候， 慈后又和任何一个怕死的女人没有区别， 她跑了。
The Boxer Rebellion in 1900, Upholding the Qing and Extinguishing Foreigners, slaughtered missionaries from various countries, of course, more so Chinese compatriots. Empress Dowager Cixi sensed that the spirit of the Boxers could be utilized, so she declared war on the各国 strongly to the各国, slaughtering diplomatic envoys from various countries, inviting the Eight-Nation Alliance to invade Beijing when it happened, at which point Empress Dowager was no different from any other woman who feared death; she fled.
对八国联军中的多数国家而言， 它们清楚的知道自己没有必要独占中国的利益。 美国当时提出的政策名为“开门”， 主张停止暴力， 要求中国平等对待各个贸易国， Open Door Policy, Fair field and no favor。 慈后当然接受了这个政策，八国政策她都准备接受。
For most nations involved in the Eight-Nation Alliance, they clearly saw no need to monopolize China's interests. The United States proposed an Open Door Policy, advocating peace and treating all trading countries equally. Empress Dowager Cixi of course accepted this policy, and was prepared to accept the policies of the Eight-Nations.
抵抗八国联军的一位清朝官员， 王懿荣（1845年—1900年8月14日）在这一年从中药铺子里发现了甲骨文， 刻着古文字的甲骨在中药材里被称为龙骨。 王懿荣发现这些文字后很快就收集了 1500 块龙骨， 在八国联军逼近的时候，他被任命为京师顺天团练大臣， 失败之后，自杀身亡。也就是说在王懿荣 之前， 中国人把自己文字起源的证据都搞丢了。
A Qing official who resisted the Eight-Nation Alliance, Yi-Rong Wang (1845–1900) discovered oracle bones in a herbal medicine store that year, bones engraved with ancient script were known as dragon bones in traditional Chinese herbalism. After discovering these characters, Wang quickly gathered over 1500 pieces of dragon bone. When the Eight-Nation Alliance approached, he was appointed as the Jingshi Songtian Training Commissioner, and after his defeat, he committed suicide. This means that before Wang Yi-Rong, the evidence of the origin of Chinese writing had been lost by the Chinese themselves.
中共后来称自己占领的土地在历史上曾经沦为为半殖民地， 也许和这个八国联军也有关系。 如果认真考虑一下美国的开门政策， 和当时欧洲的殖民地扩张状态， 殖民地常常是排斥异国的独占系统， 容易形成垄断和保护主义， 也容易触发猩猩们的条件反射式反应之后用军舰大炮前来解决问题。 美国当时在菲律宾和中国的政策反映了北美国际战略的改变。
The CCP later claimed that the territories it occupied had historically been semi-colonies, perhaps related to the Eight-Nation Alliance. If we seriously consider America's policy of opening up and the colonial expansion in Europe at the time, colonies were often exclusive systems that repelled foreign elements, which could lead to monopolies and protectionism, and easily trigger reflexive responses from great powers involving warships and cannons. The policies of the U.S. towards the Philippines and China reflected a change in North American international strategy.
而中国人的祖国则一朝一代的继续消灭祖先们的自由意志， 在这个过程中积累成为人类史上最悠久的所谓中华文明， 一座同样的金字塔培育着一代代同样的爬虫。 祖国的概念取代了祖先，爱国就几乎成为了必须的生存本能， 中国人的祖先也许没有想到会有一种叫做祖国的东西把人们的后代更彻底的变为愚民， 金字塔上我们以爬虫指称被彻底洗脑后无法理解自然人性的人形生物。 慈后的义和团和后来毛主席的红卫兵，习近平的小粉红、五毛、战狼， 可以做为金字塔制造爬虫的三个例子，都是爬虫。
The Chinese people's homeland, however, has continuously suppressed the free will of their ancestors over the course of one dynasty after another, accumulating into what is considered the world's longest-lasting civilization called Sinic culture. A similar pyramid nurtures generation after generation of identical vermin. The concept of the homeland has replaced that of the ancestor, making patriotism almost a necessary survival instinct. Perhaps the Chinese ancestors did not envision that there would be something called a homeland that would more thoroughly turn people into fools. On the pyramid, we refer to those who are completely brainwashed and unable to understand natural human nature as anthropomorphic insects. The Boxers under Empress Dowager Cixi and Mao Zedong's Red Guards, Xi Jinping's Little Pinkhos, 50-cent commentators, and Wolf Warriors can be seen as three examples of the pyramid cultivating insects; they are all insects.
世界大战前的基本情况是工业化改变了各国的军力和国力， 而最早工业化的领头羊英国却无法响应国际政治的变化， 无力改革自己庞大的殖民体系。
Before World War, the basic situation was that industrialization had transformed the military and national power of various countries, while the earliest industrial power, Britain, was unable to respond to changes in international politics and lacked the ability to reform its vast colonial system.
当时， 世界人口16.5 亿， 亚洲9.5亿， 欧洲4亿， 非洲1.3亿。
At that time, the world population was 16.5 billion, with Asia at 9.5 billion, Europe at 4 billion, and Africa at 1.3 billion.
后来大概 80年之后， 邓小平再次提出打开国门的政策， 名为改革开放， 被视为共产党为中国人做的福音书般的独创的改革。
About eighty years later, Deng Xiaoping again proposed the policy of opening up the country, named Reform and Opening Up, which is regarded as a gospel-like innovative reform by the Communist Party for the Chinese people.
1901年， 意大利人 Guglielmo Marconi 试验无线通讯， 他后来获得诺贝尔奖。仅从军事上来说， 无线通讯使得远方的军队可以得到指挥， 国家扩张领土的能力在增加。
In 1901, Italian Guglielmo Marconi experimented with wireless communication. He later won a Nobel Prize. From a military standpoint alone, wireless communication allowed armies to be commanded from afar, increasing a nation's ability to expand its territory.
大约同时， 摩托车开始被当做商品生产， 距离摩托车的原型试制才十年左右， 人们就可以骑在机械上行驶而不再只能是骑马飞奔。 1902年英国生产胜利牌摩托， Triump， 还有诺顿牌， Norton， 美国的哈雷和印第安摩托也开始生产。 摩托车的结构是人机工程史上的经典设计， 让人可以骑着一部机器， 就像骑马一样奔驶。
Around the same time, motorcycles began to be produced as commodities. Just a decade after the prototype was made, people could ride on machines instead of just riding horses at full speed.
In 1902, British manufacturers produced Triumph and Norton motorcycles. Harley-Davidson and Indian motorcycles also started production in the United States.
The structure of motorcycles is a classic design in the history of human-machine engineering, allowing one to ride a machine as if galloping on horseback.
后来摩托车在中国的大多数城市被禁了， 除了爬虫们的「禁文化」，另一个原因可能是爬虫不合适骑马。
Later, motorcycles were banned in most cities in China, besides the "prohibition culture" for spiders, another reason might be that spiders are not suitable for riding horses.
话归正传，人类发明摩托车的时候有一个英国人， 名为罗素， 他在一个村子里遇到一个理发师。 理发师说 ：我给村里人理发， 不会理发的人都是我的顾客。 罗素看着理发师他想到了一个问题： 你不是你的顾客？
Getting back to the topic, when humans invented motorcycles, there was an English man named Russell. He met a barber in a village. The barber said: I cut hair for the villagers; those who can't cut their own hair are my customers. Russell looked at the barber and thought of a question: Aren't you your own customer?
罗素是一个数学家， 他实际上在思考： 不是理发师的顾客做为一个集合如何定义？
Russell is a mathematician, and he actually pondered: How to define the set of customers of the barber who does not shave himself?
这引出了罗素悖论， 使得数学中的集合论出现漏洞， 德国数学家弗雷格认为 数学的基础可能会因此崩溃。 集合理论是数学的基础理论， 如果集合论出现漏洞数学就可能变成一堆破烂。
This leads to Russell's paradox, which introduced vulnerabilities in set theory within mathematics. German mathematician Frege believed that the foundation of mathematics might therefore collapse. Set theory is the foundational theory in mathematics; if set theory has vulnerabilities, then mathematics could be reduced to a pile of rubble.
罗素悖论对理发师来说是个笑话， 对数学家来说就需要严肃思考。 因为涉及到数学理论的完备性， -- 作者在这里必须提醒读者我自己是不可能更好的介绍罗素悖论的， 罗素悖论可不是他一个人的事情。这里作者必须承认自己的无知， 我无助的放弃寻找罗素的思想的边界的尝试。 这个世纪以来数学的地图已经发展到普通人无法想像复杂， 有志于此的读者需要转向数学方面专业的书籍。 作者在更多的时候只是简单的应用集合的概念来讨论人民这个必然的悖论。
The Russell paradox is a joke for the barber, but it requires serious thought for mathematicians. Because it involves the completeness of mathematical theories, the author must remind readers that they cannot expect a better introduction to the Russell paradox. It's not just about one person. Here, the author must acknowledge their own limitations. I despairingly abandon my attempt to explore the boundaries of Russell’s thoughts. Since the beginning of this century, the map of mathematics has developed to an unimaginable complexity for ordinary people. Readers interested in this should turn to specialized mathematical literature. The author mostly applies the concept of sets in a simple discussion of this inevitable paradox.
Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) Friedrict Ludwig Gottlob Frege (1848-1925)
Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) Friedrict Ludwig Gottlob Frege (1848-1925)
如果定义一个集合包含不是人的人， 这仍然是一个人的集合， 可是， 它不能包含于自己， 也不能不包含于自己， 它们的存在让人类做为一个集合无法定义自己。
If a set is defined to include people who are not human, it is still a set of people, but it cannot contain itself nor fail to contain itself, their existence makes it impossible for the set of humans to define itself.
这个集合在存在中否定自己的东西， 好像中国共产党在批评和自我批评中变得永远正确， 否定了中文做为一门语言应该保持自由的维度实现语言表达真 相的义务， 终于成为一个悖论， 沦为一个非人集合， 却自信的否认着自己是个悖论， 并且相信真理就是悖论。
This collection negates what exists in its own being, like the Communist Party of China becoming perpetually correct through criticism and self-criticism, by negating the dimension of freedom that Chinese as a language should maintain for the obligation to express linguistic truth. It has finally become a paradox, reduced to an inhuman集合， yet confidently denies that it is a paradox, and believes that truth is a paradox.
而更令人遗憾的是：悖论确实导致真理。
And more regretfully: The paradox does lead to truth.
同样， 对于个人来说， 如果人体中含有非人的因素， 人就无法被完美的定义在数理美学的高度。同样， 如果生和死不是相互否定的两个集合， 一个人活着的时候就可能已经死了， 成为没有死的死人。
Similarly, for an individual, if the human body contains non-human elements, humans cannot be perfectly defined in terms of mathematical and aesthetic standards. Similarly, if life and death are not mutually exclusive sets, a person may already be dead while still alive, becoming a kind of undead that has not truly died.
同样，如果道德经开篇的：道可道非常道，用罗素悖论分析： 道是非常道，道不是道。如果以数理原理中的集合论来分析， 道的集合定义就是一个底层错误，这个集合无法定义。 这样的悖论就是中国文化消灭数理逻辑的原因吧。
Similarly, if ethics are analyzed with the opening line: "The Way that can be spoken is not the constant Way," by Russell's paradox: The Way is not the constant Way, and the Way is not a way. If analyzed using set theory from mathematical principles, the definition of the set for the Way would be a fundamental error, making this set indefinable. Such paradoxes might be why Chinese culture eliminates mathematical logic.
数学不过是一门学问， 数学的语言最终依赖于人类的语言。 如果语言无法讲述事实， 什么学问都不会有。 中国历史正说明了这样的情况， 在中文被阉割之后， 聪明的中国人失去了创建科学的机会， 有的只是自欺欺人的洋务运动和抄袭而已。
Mathematics is merely a branch of knowledge, ultimately relying on human language. If language cannot convey facts, no body of knowledge would exist. Chinese history illustrates this point: after the Chinese language was mutilated, clever Chinese people lost the opportunity to create science, leaving only self-deceiving movements like the Self-Strengthening Movement and plagiarism.
传统的数学也许可以应用在更传统的地方。
Traditional mathematics might also be applied in more traditional places.
比如采用数学中的近似理论理解中国历史的春秋笔法， 一阶近似的误差可以用二阶近似补偿， 二阶近似的误差可以用三阶近似补偿， 以此类推， 接近最后的正确。 用春秋笔法写作时， 正文中的不言之意由隐文指出方向， 这可能才是作者的真实意图。 就好像二阶近似扩大了， 推翻了一阶近似， 取代正文成为真相。春秋笔法过于玄妙， 实为无奈之笔。 如果作者笔力不足就会误人子弟， 如果读者眼力不足， 就会曲解历史。
For instance, using the approximation theory in mathematics to understand China's historical Chunqiu style of writing, the error of a first-order approximation can be corrected by a second-order approximation, and the error of a second-order approximation can be corrected by a third-order approximation, and so on, approaching the final correct answer. When writing with the Chunqiu style, unspoken implications in the main text are indicated by allusions, which may actually represent the author's true intent. It is as if the second-order approximation expanded to overturn the first-order approximation, replacing the main text as the truth. The Chunqiu style is too subtle and mysterious; it is a last-resort stroke of writing. If the author lacks skill, they might mislead students; if the reader lacks discernment, they may misunderstand history.
春秋笔法是二千多年前孔子写《春秋》的史书写法， 二千年过去了， 后来， 当中国共产党执政中国的时候人们却发现除了拣起春秋笔法再没有书写历 史的正确方法。
Spring and Autumn Annals style is a historical writing method used by Confucius when he wrote The Spring and Autumn Annals over two thousand years ago. Two thousand years later, it was discovered that besides picking up the Spring and Autumn Annals style, there was no correct method for recording history when the Communist Party of China took governance over China.
言归正传， 1903年， 美国人怀特兄弟展示了第一次动力飞行， 飞机让人们飞了起来了， 这是一个新的世纪的第三年。
Getting back to the point, In 1903, the Wright brothers showcased the first powered flight, aircraft had enabled people to take to the skies, marking the third year of a new century.
同年的中国， 李伯元开始连载《官场现形记》， 1905年， 刘鄂写《老殘游记》这两本书都是中国官场宝典， 出现在清末暂时管制松弛的文字狱间隙中。
In the same year in China, Li Boyuan began serializing Officialdom Revealed. In 1905, Liu Ao wrote The Travels of Lao Can. These two books are considered canonical works on Chinese officialdom, appearing during a brief interval of relaxed literary inquisitions at the end of the Qing dynasty.
在八国联军去过北京之后，慈禧太后不仅变得更为开明， 也变得更为智慧，她已经提前为一次流血最少的改朝换代做好了准备， 提前清除了满族皇室的继承人。
After the Eight-Nation Alliance had been to Beijing, not only did Empress Dowager Cixi become more enlightened, but she also became wiser. She had already prepared for a change of dynasty with minimal bloodshed in advance, and had cleared out the successors of the Manchu imperial family beforehand.
(我曾经写过包子想做慈禧太后，这真是折辱了慈后。 人们总是贬低慈后，很快会发生的辛亥革命里其实她的功劳更大。 如果说孙中山可以被称为「国父」，慈后应该被称为「国奶」。)
I once wrote about making buns and wanting to be Empress Dowager Cixi, which was truly an affront to the Dowager. People always belittle the Dowager. In the Xinhai Revolution that is soon to happen, her contributions were actually greater. If Sun Yat-sen can be called the 'Father of the Nation', the Dowager should be called the 'Mother of the Nation'.
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